| For centos put two consecutive lines at the end of /etc/ssh/sshd_config |
Match Group www-data ForceCommand internal-sftp -u 2 this will setup umask and files will be 644 username test priv 15 secret supers3cr3tn0bdyw1llgue55
ip ssh version 2
found at https://supportforums.cisco.com/document/110946/ssh-using-public-key-authentication-ios-and-big-outputs
# vi /etc/default/useraddHOME=/homeHOME=/iscsi/user# useradd vivek
# passwd vivek
# finger vivekLogin: vivek Name: Vivek Gite
Directory: /iscsi/user/vivek Shell: /bin/bash
Last login Thu Sep 13 07:58 2007 (IST) on pts/1 from 10.16.15.2
No mail.
No Plan.
usermod -m -d /path/to/new/home/dir userNameHere
Where,# usermod -m -d /users/v/vivek vivek
At first install from epel repository.
[[email protected] ~]# tripwire-setup-keyfiles ---------------------------------------------- The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a variety of files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files. Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain both letters and numbers. See the Tripwire manual for more information. ---------------------------------------------- Creating key files... (When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are at least 8 characters in length.) Enter the site keyfile passphrase: ## Enter site pass-phrase ## Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ## Re-enter pass-phrase ## Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete. (When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are at least 8 characters in length.) Enter the local keyfile passphrase: ## Enter local pass-phrase ## Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ## Re-enter pass-phrase ## Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete. ---------------------------------------------- Signing configuration file... Please enter your site passphrase: ## Enter site pass-phrase ## Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file: /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt has been preserved for your inspection. It is recommended that you move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it. ---------------------------------------------- Signing policy file... Please enter your site passphrase: ## Enter site pass-phrase ## Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file: /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt has been preserved for your inspection. This implements a minimal policy, intended only to test essential Tripwire functionality. You should edit the policy file to describe your system, and then use twadmin to generate a new signed copy of the Tripwire policy. Once you have a satisfactory Tripwire policy file, you should move the clear-text version to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a tool such as GPG, for example). Now run "tripwire --init" to enter Database Initialization Mode. This reads the policy file, generates a database based on its contents, and then cryptographically signs the resulting database. Options can be entered on the command line to specify which policy, configuration, and key files are used to create the database. The filename for the database can be specified as well. If no options are specified, the default values from the current configuration file are used.
[[email protected] ~]# tripwire --init Please enter your local passphrase: Parsing policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol Generating the database... *** Processing Unix File System *** ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /dev/kmem ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/ksyms ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/pci ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /usr/sbin/fixrmtab ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /usr/bin/vimtutor ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /usr/local/lib64 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /usr/lib64 ### No such file or directory ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /sbin/fsck.reiserfs ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /bin/tcsh ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /root/.Xresources ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /root/.esd_auth ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /root/.gnome ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /root/.ICEauthority ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /root/.Xauthority ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /dev/cua0 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /dev/initctl ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... Wrote database file: /var/lib/tripwire/server.ostechnix.com.twd The database was successfully generated.
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt { # /dev/kmem -> $(Device) ; /dev/mem -> $(Device) ; /dev/null -> $(Device) ; /dev/zero -> $(Device) ; /proc/devices -> $(Device) ; /proc/net -> $(Device) ; /proc/sys -> $(Device) ; /proc/cpuinfo -> $(Device) ; /proc/modules -> $(Device) ; /proc/mounts -> $(Device) ; /proc/dma -> $(Device) ; /proc/filesystems -> $(Device) ; # /proc/pci -> $(Device) ; /proc/interrupts -> $(Device) ; /proc/driver/rtc -> $(Device) ; /proc/ioports -> $(Device) ; /proc/scsi -> $(Device) ; /proc/kcore -> $(Device) ; /proc/self -> $(Device) ; /proc/kmsg -> $(Device) ; /proc/stat -> $(Device) ;Once modifying all the files, update the tripwire policy file.
[[email protected] ~]# tripwire --update-policy --secure-mode low /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt Parsing policy file: /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt Please enter your local passphrase: Please enter your site passphrase: ======== Policy Update: Processing section Unix File System. ======== Step 1: Gathering information for the new policy. ### Continuing... ### Warning: Policy Update Added Object. ### An object has been added since the database was last updated. ### Object name: /var/lib/tripwire/server.ostechnix.com.twd ### Continuing... ### Warning: Policy Update Changed Object. ### An object has been changed since the database was last updated. ### Object name: Conflicting properties for object /root ### > Modify Time ### > Change Time ### Continuing... ======== Step 2: Updating the database with new objects. ======== Step 3: Pruning unneeded objects from the database. Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol Wrote database file: /var/lib/tripwire/server.ostechnix.com.twd
[[email protected] ~]# tripwire --check --interactiveOnce you entered this command tripwire will collect all the details and open the result automatically in your vi editor. The report might be too long. Scroll down to view any changes in files or folders. As per the below result the newly Added and Modified files will have check mark(The Added and Modified sections are highlighted in bold). Finally save and quit the report by typing :wq. The Added and Modified files will be automatically updated to Tripwire policy file.
Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.1 Integrity Check Report Report generated by: root Report created on: Fri 10 May 2013 12:26:58 PM IST Database last updated on: Fri 10 May 2013 12:23:43 PM IST =============================================================================== Report Summary: =============================================================================== Host name: server.ostechnix.com Host IP address: Unknown IP Host ID: None Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/server.ostechnix.com.twd Command line used: tripwire --check --interactive =============================================================================== Rule Summary: =============================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section: Unix File System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name Severity Level Added Removed Modified --------- -------------- ----- ------- -------- Invariant Directories 66 0 0 0 Temporary directories 33 0 0 0 * Tripwire Data Files 100 1 0 1 Critical devices 100 0 0 0 User binaries 66 0 0 0 Tripwire Binaries 100 0 0 0 Critical configuration files 100 0 0 0 Libraries 66 0 0 0 Operating System Utilities 100 0 0 0 Critical system boot files 100 0 0 0 File System and Disk Administraton Programs 100 0 0 0 Kernel Administration Programs 100 0 0 0 Networking Programs 100 0 0 0 System Administration Programs 100 0 0 0 Hardware and Device Control Programs 100 0 0 0 System Information Programs 100 0 0 0 Application Information Programs 100 0 0 0 Shell Related Programs 100 0 0 0 Critical Utility Sym-Links 100 0 0 0 Shell Binaries 100 0 0 0 System boot changes 100 0 0 0 OS executables and libraries 100 0 0 0 Security Control 100 0 0 0 Login Scripts 100 0 0 0 * Root config files 100 0 0 1 Total objects scanned: 10071 Total violations found: 3 =============================================================================== Object Summary: =============================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Section: Unix File System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/var/lib/tripwire) Severity Level: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remove the "x" from the adjacent box to prevent updating the database with the new values for this object. Added: [x] "/var/lib/tripwire/server.ostechnix.com.twd.bak" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/etc/tripwire/tw.pol) Severity Level: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remove the "x" from the adjacent box to prevent updating the database with the new values for this object. Modified: [x] "/etc/tripwire/tw.pol" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name: Root config files (/root) Severity Level: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remove the "x" from the adjacent box to prevent updating the database with the new values for this object. Modified: [x] "/root" =============================================================================== . . . . . Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000 Tripwire, Inc. Tripwire is a registered trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details. All rights reserved. Integrity check complete. Please enter your local passphrase: Wrote database file: /var/lib/tripwire/server.ostechnix.com.twdNow let us add a new file called sk.
[[email protected] ~]# touch skNow check this file with tripwire –check –interactive command. You may find the file sk under the Added section in the result.
[[email protected] ~]# tripwire --check --interactive . . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name: Root config files (/root) Severity Level: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remove the "x" from the adjacent box to prevent updating the database with the new values for this object. Added: [x] "/root/sk" . . .Now the new file sk is updated automatically in the tripwire policy file.
[[email protected] ~]# twprint --print-report --twrfile /var/lib/tripwire/report/server.ostechnix.com-20130510-124159.twr > /tmp/twrreport.txtNow open the file using any editor.
[[email protected] ~]# vi /tmp/twrreport.txt Note: Report is not encrypted. Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.1 Integrity Check Report Report generated by: root Report created on: Fri 10 May 2013 12:41:59 PM IST Database last updated on: Fri 10 May 2013 12:37:53 PM IST =============================================================================== Report Summary: =============================================================================== Host name: server.ostechnix.com Host IP address: Unknown IP Host ID: None Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/server.ostechnix.com.twd Command line used: tripwire --check --interactive . . . .
[[email protected] ~]# twadmin --print-polfile # policy: # Global Variable Definitions @@section GLOBAL TWROOT=/usr/sbin; TWBIN=/usr/sbin; TWPOL="/etc/tripwire"; TWDB="/var/lib/tripwire"; TWSKEY="/etc/tripwire"; TWLKEY="/etc/tripwire"; TWREPORT="/var/lib/tripwire/report"; HOSTNAME=server.ostechnix.com; . . . .To view the configuration files enter the following command.
[[email protected] ~]# twadmin --print-cfgfile ROOT =/usr/sbin POLFILE =/etc/tripwire/tw.pol DBFILE =/var/lib/tripwire/$(HOSTNAME).twd REPORTFILE =/var/lib/tripwire/report/$(HOSTNAME)-$(DATE).twr SITEKEYFILE =/etc/tripwire/site.key LOCALKEYFILE =/etc/tripwire/$(HOSTNAME)-local.key EDITOR =/bin/vi LATEPROMPTING =false LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =false MAILNOVIOLATIONS =true EMAILREPORTLEVEL =3 REPORTLEVEL =3 MAILMETHOD =SENDMAIL SYSLOGREPORTING =false MAILPROGRAM =/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/crontab # Tripwire Monitor process 00 5 * * * /usr/sbin/tripwire --check
[The script screen-test.sh runs the secondary script]
NB: nothing gets output in the screen session window itself
- if you want that then use tee
2>&1 | tee $TMPFILE
cat screen-test.sh
#!/bin/sh
# Send command to screen session
# - if you have more than one screen session, you'll
# need to find out the right session and use it
# specifically.
#screen -r 10345.root -X exec ${PWD}/screen-test2.sh
screen -r -X exec ${PWD}/screen-test2.sh
# Give job time to complete before continuing....
sleep 1
# Get output file name (was created in other script with mktemp)
MYFILE=$(ls -rt /tmp/screen-test.*|tail -1)
# Display file and remove it
cat $MYFILE && rm $MYFILE
cat screen-test2.sh
#!/bin/sh
TMPFILE=$(mktemp -p /tmp screen-test.XXXXXX)
(
echo "+====+ $TMPFILE +====+"
echo "Running in dir: $(pwd)"
echo "-----------------------"
# command(s) to run in session to create desired output
/bin/ls
echo -e "======================="
) 2>&1 > $TMPFILE
found at https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/screen-users/2011-04/msg00006.html
$ crontab -e0 1 5 10 * /path/to/script.sh >/dev/null 2>&10 1 5 10 * /path/to/script.sh &> /dev/null# /etc/init.d/crond restart $ crontab -eMAILTO=""
yum list installed |tail -n +3|cut -d' ' -f1 > installed_packages.txt yum -y install $(cat installed_packages.txt)That`s allfound at: http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/71/duplicating-a-linux-installation-yum-based
chroot /mnt/sysimage
cd /boot
7.type
mkinitrd -v -f initrd and press TAB to autocomplete so command should looks like:mkinitrd -v -f initrd2.6.32-431.3.1.img 2.6.32-431.3.1
wait until finished.
8. type exit and again exit and from main menu choose reboot
9. boot from local drive
if still does not work
follow again points 1-6
7. you have to recreate initramfs - at first create a backup copy of the current initramfs:
type:9. type exit and again exit and from main menu choose reboot
10. boot from local drive
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/server-status |
Add a user who can execute some specific commands.
|
|
| [1] | Create a link named 'rbash' from bash. |
|
[[email protected] ~]#
ln -s /bin/bash /opt/rbash
|
| [2] | Add a user that his default shell is rbash and set he can execute only 'ping'. |
|
[[email protected] ~]#
useradd cern -s /opt/rbash
[[email protected] ~]#
passwd cern
[[email protected] ~]#
mkdir /home/cern/bin
[[email protected] ~]#
ln -s /bin/ping /home/cern/bin/ping
[[email protected] ~]#
chown root. /home/cern/.bash_profile
[[email protected] ~]#
chmod 755 /home/cern/.bash_profile
[[email protected]p ~]#
vi /home/cern/.bash_profile
# change PATH like follows
PATH=
$HOME/bin
|
| [3] | Login with the test user. |
Magento - dbModel read resource does not implement Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract or Magento install error - Exception printing is disabled
If you enabled full page cache on Zend server this error shows up:
dbModel read resource does not implement Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract
Trace:#0 C:\xampp\htdocs\magento\app\code\core\Mage\Core\Model\Mysql4\Collection\Abstract.php(68): Varien_Data_Collection_Db->setConnection(false)What you should do next:1. try to clear cache - erase all files from MAGENTO_ROOT/var/cache/ directory2. change settings
1. Navigate to the \"errors\" folder.
2. Change local.xml.sample to local.xml
3. You should now see a new list of crazy errors all over the Magento page - this is okay.
4. Open magento/lib/Zend/Cache/Backend/File.php and look for:
protected $_options = array(\'cache_dir\' => \'null\',
protected $_options = array(\'cache_dir\' => \'tmp/\',
